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Social entrepreneurship is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems.〔(''The New Heros'' ), What is Social Entrepreneurship, Oregon Public Broadcasting, 2005〕 This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs.〔"The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship," J. Gregory Dees, 1998, rev 2001 (【引用サイトリンク】CASE at Duke "> title=The Meaning of Social Entrepreneurship )〕 Conventional entrepreneurs typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneurs also take into account a positive return to society. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals often associated with the voluntary sector.〔Thompson, J.L., The World of the Social Entrepreneur, The International Journal of Public Sector Management, 15(4/5), 2002, p.413〕 At times, profit also may be a consideration for certain companies or other social enterprises. == Modern definition == There are continuing arguments over precisely who counts as a social entrepreneur. Thus far, there has been no consensus on the definition of social entrepreneurship, so many different sorts of fields and disciplines are associated with social entrepreneurship. Philanthropists, social activists, environmentalists, and other socially oriented practitioners are referred to as social entrepreneurs. The fact that social entrepreneurs fall under various career types is part of the reason it is difficult to determine who is truly a social entrepreneur. David Bornstein (author) has even used the term "social innovator" interchangeably with social entrepreneur, due to the creative, non-traditional strategies that many social entrepreneurs use.〔David Bornstein, "''How to Change the World''" (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007), 1, 92〕 For a clearer definition of what social entrepreneurship entails, it is necessary to set the function of social entrepreneurship apart from other socially oriented activities and identify the boundaries within which social entrepreneurs operate.〔Abu-Saifan, S. 2012. (Social Entrepreneurship: Definition and Boundaries ). (Technology Innovation Management Review ). (February 2012 ): 22-27.〕 Some have advocated restricting the term to founders of organizations that primarily rely on earned income–meaning income earned directly from paying consumers. Others have extended this to include contracted work for public authorities, while still others include grants and donations. Social entrepreneurship in modern society offers an altruistic form of entrepreneurship that focuses on the benefits that society may reap.〔 Simply put, entrepreneurship becomes a social endeavor when it transforms social capital in a way that affects society positively.〔Alvord, Sarah H., Brown, David L., and Letts, Christine W. "Social Entrepreneurship and Societal Transformation: An Exploratory Study." The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science. no. 3 (2004): 260-282.〕 It is viewed as advantageous because the success of social entrepreneurship depends on many factors related to social impact that traditional corporate businesses do not prioritize. Social entrepreneurs recognize immediate social problems, but also seek to understand the broader context of an issue that crosses disciplines, fields, and theories.〔 Gaining a larger understanding of how an issue relates to society allows social entrepreneurs to develop innovative solutions and mobilize available resources to affect the greater global society. Unlike traditional corporate businesses, social entrepreneurship ventures focus on maximizing gains in social satisfaction, rather than maximizing profit gains.〔Baron, David P. "Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Entrepreneurship." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy. no. 3 (2007): 683-717.〕 Both private and public agencies worldwide have had billion-dollar initiatives to empower deprived communities and individuals.〔 Such support from organizations in society, such as government-aid agencies or private firms, may catalyze innovative ideas to reach a larger audience. Prominent individuals associated with the term include Pakistani Akhter Hameed Khan and Bangladeshi Muhammad Yunus. Yunus was the founder of Grameen Bank, which pioneered the concept of microcredit for supporting innovators in multiple developing countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.〔 He received a Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts and also inspired programs such as the Infolady Social Entrepreneurship Programme.〔Service, Mail Foreign. ''Mail Online''. Associated Newspapers, 02 Nov. 2012. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. (The Info Ladies of Bangladesh: The Women Who Bring the Web on Wheels to Thousands in Country's Remotest Villages. ).〕〔"Bangladesh News." 21 Apr. 2014. (Internet Rolls into Bangladesh Villages on a Bike )〕〔Subhan, Farah. ''Amader Kotha''. Web. 21 Apr. 2014. (Info Ladies â Riding Internet into Rural Bangladesh! ).〕 Others, such as Stephen Goldsmith, former Indianapolis mayor, focused social efforts on a more local level, engaging the private sector in providing many city services. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Social entrepreneurship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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